Гражданская коалиция: различия между версиями

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{{short description|Political party in Argentina}}
Не путать|Гражданская коалиция (Польша)|Гражданской коалицией (Польша)
{{Multiple issues|
{{Партия
{{Expand Spanish|Partido Justicialista|date=January 2014}}
| название партии = Гражданская коалиция
{{More citations needed|date=November 2014}}
| название на языке оригинала = Coalición Cívica
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=April 2013}}}}
| логотип = 2.png
{{Infobox political party
| ширина логотипа = 250px
| colorcode        = {{party color|Justicialist Party}}
| подпись =  
| name            = Justicialist Party
| лидер  =  
| native_name      = Partido Justicialista
| генеральный секретарь =
| logo            = Logo of the Justicialist Party.svg
| основатель  = [[Элиса Каррио]]  
| logo_size        = 250px
| дата основания = [[2007]]
| abbreviation    = PJ
| дата роспуска =  
| president        = [[Alberto Fernández]]
| штаб-квартира  =  
| leader1_title    = Vice-President
| идеология = [[Социальный либерализм]]
| leader1_name    = [[Cristina Álvarez Rodríguez]]<ref name=telamalberto>{{cite web|url=https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202103/548163-alberto-fernandez-asume-presidencia-consejo-pj.html|work=[[Télam]]|title=Alberto Fernández asume la presidencia del Consejo del Partido Justicialista|date=22 March 2021|access-date=22 March 2021|language=es}}</ref>
| интернационал =  
| leader2_title    = Senate leader
| союзники  =  
| leader2_name    = [[José Mayans]] ([[Frente de Todos (2019 coalition)|FdT]])
| молодёжная организация =
| leader3_title    = Chamber leader
| количество членов =  
| leader3_name    = [[Máximo Kirchner]] ([[Frente de Todos (2019 coalition)|FdT]])<br>
| девиз =  
| founder          = [[Juan Perón]]
| Мест в нижней палате = {{Партия/Места|19|257|#00ff00}}
| foundation      = {{Start date and age|1946|11|21|df=y}}
| Мест в нижней палате_параметр =
| merger          = [[Labour Party (Argentina)|Labour Party]]<br /> [[:es:Unión Cívica Radical Junta Renovadora|UCR Board Renewal]] <br /> [[Independent Party (Argentina)|Independent Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laopinionpopular.com.ar/noticia.php?id_noticia=2409|title=Se crea la Unión Cívica Radical Junta Renovadora UCR-JR|website=Laopinionpopular.com.ar|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref>
| Мест в верхней палате = {{Партия/Места|1|72|#00ff00}}
| headquarters    = 130 Matheu Street<br />[[Buenos Aires]]
| Мест в верхней палате_параметр =
| youth_wing      = [[:es:Juventud Peronista|Peronist Youth]]
| Мест в Европарламенте =
| student_wing    = [[:es:Juventud Universitaria Peronista|Peronist University Youth]]
| гимн =
| membership_year  = 2019
| партийная печать =
| membership      = 3,818,678<ref>{{cite web|title=Estadística de Afiliados|url=http://www.pjn.gov.ar/Publicaciones/00002/00058378.Pdf|date=18 January 2013|access-date=13 October 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118051511/http://www.pjn.gov.ar/Publicaciones/00002/00058378.Pdf|archive-date=18 January 2013}}</ref>
| персоналии =
| ideology        = [[Peronism]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Claeys|first=Gregory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=539ZDwAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought (set)|editor=CQ Press|date=2013|page=617|isbn=9781506317588}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ameringer|first=Charles D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kD5qi3MyEHYC|title=Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies|editor=Greenwood|date=1992|page=43|isbn=9780313274183}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2015/10/15/the-persistence-of-peronism|title=The persistence of Peronism|newspaper=The Economist|date=October 15, 2015}}</ref><br/>[[Populism]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://institute.global/insight/renewing-centre/populists-power-around-world|title=Populists in Power Around the World|website=Institute for Global Change|date=November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Kyle |first1=Jordan |last2=Gultchin |first2=Limor }}</ref><br />[[Social democracy]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Veltri|first=Gustavo|title=La idea de Kirchner de afiliar al PJ a la socialdemocracia generó revuelo interno|url=https://www.cronista.com/impresa-general/La-idea-de-Kirchner-de-afiliar-al-PJ-a-la-socialdemocracia-genero-revuelo-interno-20080228-0057.html|access-date=2022-01-02|website=www.cronista.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/opinion/2019/11/15/el-peronismo-entre-la-socialdemocracia-y-la-izquierda/|title = El peronismo, entre la socialdemocracia y la izquierda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-12|title=Alberto Fernández: "Soy más hijo de la cultura hippie que de las veinte verdades peronistas"|url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/periodismopuro/alberto-fernandez-soy-mas-hijo-de-la-cultura-hippie-que-de-las-veinte-verdades-peronistas.phtml|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Perfil|language=es}}</ref><br>'''Factions:'''<br/>[[Kirchnerism]]&nbsp;(majority)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/argentinas-fernandez-moves-from-unknown-politician-to-next-likely-president-11566232733|title = Argentina's Fernández Moves from Little-Known Politician to Next Likely President|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 19 August 2019|last1 = Dube|first1 = Ryan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jalalzai|first=Farida|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMhmCgAAQBAJ|title=Women Presidents of Latin America: Beyond Family Ties?|editor=Routledge|date=2015|page=27|isbn=9781317668350}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Agustín|first1=Óscar G.|last2=Briziarelli|first2=Marco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SUI_DwAAQBAJ|title=Podemos and the New Political Cycle: Left-Wing Populism and Anti-Establishment Politics|editor=Springer|date=2017|page=195|isbn=9783319634326}}</ref><br/>[[Menemism]]&nbsp;(minority)<ref>{{cite news|last=Gallego-Díaz|first=Soledad|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2011/10/19/actualidad/1319045165_396294.html|title=El peronista Duhalde intenta conservar una parcela de poder en Buenos Aires|newspaper=El País|date=October 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Silva|first1=Eduardo|last2=Rossi|first2=Federico|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geFdDwAAQBAJ&q=conservative+peronists&pg=PT315|title=Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America: From Resisting Neoliberalism to the Second Incorporation|editor=University of Pittsburgh Press|date=2018|isbn=9780822983101}}</ref>
| официальный сайт = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071026040520/ http://www.coalicioncivica.org.ar]
| position        = [[Syncretic politics|Syncretic]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Galvan|first1=D.|last2=Sil|first2=R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z1aCwAAQBAJ|title=Reconfiguring Institutions Across Time and Space: Syncretic Responses to Challenges of Political and Economic Transformation|editor=Springer|date=2007|page=107|isbn=9780230603066}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Weitz-Shapiro|first=Rebecca|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coNxBAAAQBAJ|title=Curbing Clientelism in Argentina|editor=Cambridge University Press|date=2014|page=19|isbn=9781107073623}}</ref> <br> {{nowrap|'''Kirchnerists:''' <br>[[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-99666-2008-02-26.html|title=Página/12 :: El país :: Kirchner con Capitanich}}</ref> to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]<ref>{{bulleted list
|{{cite news|title=Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/22/argentina-election-exit-polls-buenos-aires-mauricio-macri|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=November 23, 2015}}
|{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324328204578576053901784268|title=Argentine President Stumps for Congressional Candidates|quote=Speaking to thousands of supporters in a packed soccer stadium, Mrs. Kirchner stumped for the candidates who will represent her left-wing coalition, the FPV, in October's vote.|date=29 June 2013|access-date=13 February 2020|publisher=Wall Street Journal}}
|{{cite news|title= Argentinian president Macri vows 'many reforms' after strong election result|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/argentina-president-macri-reforms-election|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 24, 2017}}
|{{cite news |date=April 18, 2006 |title=Analysis: Latin America's new left axis |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4916270.stm |publisher=[[BBC Online]] |access-date=January 25, 2010}}}}</ref><br>'''Menemists:''' <br>[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peronist|title = Peronist &#124; History, Facts, & Juan Peron}}</ref>}}
| national        = [[Frente de Todos (2019 coalition)|Frente de Todos]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Fernández acordó con Sergio Massa|url=https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201906/366498-massa-se-reune-con-alberto-fernandez-hubo-acuerdo.html|access-date=27 July 2019|date=12 June 2019 |journal=Télam - Agencia Nacional de Noticias}}</ref>
| international    =
| continental      = [[Christian Democrat Organization of America]]<ref name=ChristianDemocracy>{{Cite web|url=http://www.odca.cl/organizacion/partidos/|title = Partidos &#124; ODCA.cl}}</ref><br />[[COPPPAL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.copppal.org/paises-y-partidos-miembros-de-la-copppal/|title=Países y Partidos Miembros de la COPPPAL – Copppal}}</ref>
| flag            = Bandera del Partido Justicialista.png
| flag_title      = Flag
| symbol          = [[File:Justicialist Party emblem.svg|50px]]
| colors          = {{Color box|#318ce7|border=darkgray}} [[Light blue]] {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} [[White]]
| anthem          = "[[Peronist March]]"
| seats1_title    = Seats in the [[Argentine Senate|Senate]]
| seats1          = {{Composition bar|36|72|{{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| seats2_title    = Seats in the [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats2          = {{Composition bar|91|257|{{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| seats3_title    = [[List of Governors in Argentina|Governors]]
| seats3          = {{Composition bar|11|24|{{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| website          = {{Official URL}}
| country          = Argentina
}}
}}
The '''Justicialist Party''' ({{lang-es|Partido Justicialista}}, {{IPA-es|paɾˈtiðo xustisjaˈlista|IPA}}; abbr. '''PJ''') is a major political party in [[Argentina]], and the largest branch within [[Peronism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pj.org.ar/|title=Partido Justicialista|website=Pj.org.ar|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref>
'''Гражданская коалиция''' (на испанском '''''Coalición Cívica''''') — [[левоцентрист]]ская политическая [[коалиция]] в [[Аргентина|Аргентине]]. Она была основана [[Элиса Каррио|Элисой Каррио]] вокруг одноимённой партии Гражданская коалиция — ARI (Поддержка за эгалитарную республику). Является частью политической группы либералов, в которую входят движения: [[Союз ради всего]] (UPT) руководимый [[Патрисия Буллрих|Патрисией Буллрих]] и GEN [[Generation for a National Encounter]] руководимый [[Маргарита Столбизер|Маргаритой Столбизер]].


Current president [[Alberto Fernández]] belongs to the Justicialist Party (and has, since 2021, served as its chairman),<ref name=telamalberto/> as well as former presidents [[Juan Perón]], [[Héctor Cámpora]], [[Raúl Alberto Lastiri]], [[Isabel Perón]], [[Carlos Menem]], [[Ramón Puerta]], [[Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]], [[Eduardo Camaño]], [[Eduardo Duhalde]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], and [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]]. Justicialists have been the largest party in [[Argentine Congress|Congress]] almost consistently since 1987.
Каррио участвовала в президентских [[Выборы в Аргентине 2007 года|выборах 2007]] от партии Гражданская коалиция, вместе с кандидатом от [[Социалистическая партия (Аргентина)|Социалистической партии]] [[Сенат Аргентины|сенатором]] от [[Санта-Фе (провинция)|провинции Санта-Фе]], [[Рубен Густиниани|Рубеном Джустиниани]]. Коалиция проиграла выборы, несмотря на поддержку в больших городах Аргентины.


Founded by Juan Perón, it was previously called the '''Peronist Party''' after its founder. It is overall the largest party in [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]]; however, this does not reflect the divisions within the party over the role of [[Kirchnerism]], the [[left-wing populist]] faction of the party, which is opposed by the [[Federal Peronism|dissident Peronists]] (also known as Federal Peronism or Menemism), the [[conservative]] faction of the party.
Ведущие фигуры коалиции, вклющающие Каррио, Булрих и Столблизер, Альфонсо Прата Гэя (бывший глава Центрального банка), сенаторов Марию Эухению Эстенссоро и Самуила Кабанчика. На всеобщих выборах 2007 года к новой расширенной коалиции Каррио отказались присоединиться некоторые лидеры мелких партий, которые сформировали отдельный политический блок под названием Autonomous ARI. В мае 2008 года этот блок во главе с Эдуардо Макалузе объявил о формировании новой партии — [[Партия Солидарности и равенства(Аргентина)|Партии солидарности и равенства]] (''Solidaridad e Igualdad — SI''). Среди тех, кто покинул партию Гражданская коалиция, были Карлос Раймунди, Леонардо Горбац, Делия Бизутти, Нелида Белоус, Вероника Венас, Эмилио Гарсиа Мендес, Лидия Наим и Мария Гонсалес<ref>[http://www.parlamentario.com/noticia-14812.html El ARI Autónomo mutó a Solidaridad e Igualdad SI] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parlamentario.com/noticia-14812.html |date=20111004064752 }}, parlamentario.com, 18 May 2008.</ref> Сенатор Мария Роза Диас также появилась на презентации Партии солидарности и равенства<ref>[http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-104392-2008-05-18.html Dígale SI al nuevo partido opositor] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-104392-2008-05-18.html |date=20190809132738 }}, ''[[Página/12]]'', 18 May 2008.</ref>. Несколько депутатов из числа создавших новую партию победили на выборах 2007 года от партии Гражданская коалиция, после чего заняли политическую позицию против Гражданской коалиции<ref>[http://www.telam.com.ar/vernota.php?tipo=N&idPub=139661&id=283108&dis=1&sec=1 Two opposition Senators side with the Government on eve of crucial vote to anticipate mid-term elections] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705092545/http://www.telam.com.ar/vernota.php?tipo=N&idPub=139661&id=283108&dis=1&sec=1 |date=2009-07-05 }}, [[Telam]] news agency, 25 March 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.buenosairesherald.com/argentina/note.jsp?idContent=585276&hideIntro=true Senate votes today on early election] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705143329/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/argentina/note.jsp?idContent=585276&hideIntro=true |date=2009-07-05 }}, ''[[Buenos Aires Herald]]'', 26 March 2009.</ref>. Депутаты от партии Гражданская коалиция получили места рядом с членами Партии солидарности и равенства в Палате депутатов. Впоследствии сенаторы Мария Роза Диас и Хосе Карлос Мартинес возглавили левую партию ОРВИ в марте 2009 года. С 2009 года Коалиция стала называться как так называемая Гражданская коалиция ОРЗ (CC-ОРЗ) и поддерживает партию [[Гражданский радикальный союз]].


<!--== Social composition ==
Since the party's origins lie in Peronism, they have been overwhelmingly supported by the popular or poor sectors in Argentina, similar to Juan Perón. Their popularity between the working class and the most vulnerable sectors have generated a collection of discriminatory expressions from classist to even racist tones in non-Peronist sectors. Among them: black little heads, a zoological flood. To this day, the Justicialist Party is characterized by obtaining a major part of its votes in outlying areas of the big urban centers, for example the second ring of greater Buenos Aires, where the socioeconomic levels are lower. Also, there is an expectation of social mobility and broadening of rights in this vote, based on one of the three flags of justicialism, “social justice.” In effect, Peronism has been characterized by maintaining the equitable redistribution of wealth in the period from 1946-1955, 1973-1976, and 2002-2015. The relationship with lower income sectors has been one of the more constant characteristics in the history of the party and has been demonstrated in all of the presidential elections since 1946 until today. In return, the support of Peronism historically has been smaller between the urban middle class, who more identify with the [[Radical Civic Union]] party and other more democratic, liberal parties. On the other hand, the upper classes have been historically anti-Peronist, and they were more connected to conservative liberal ideology.
-->
==History==
[[File:Escudo de la Provincia de Presidente Perón -sin silueta-.svg|left|120px|thumb|First emblem of the Peronist Party, used from 1946 to 1955]]


=== Overview ===
[[Категория:Политические партии Аргентины]]
The Justicialist Party was founded in 1946 by [[Juan Perón|Juan]] and [[Eva Perón]], uniting the Labour Party, the Radical Civic Union Renewal Board and the Independent Party, the three parties that had supported Peron in the election. After the enactment of women's suffrage, the [[Female Peronist Party]], led by the First Lady, was also established. All Peronist entities were banned from elections after 1955, when the ''[[Revolución Libertadora]]'' overthrew Perón, and civilian governments' attempt to lift Peronism's ban from legislative and local elections in 1962 and 1965 resulted in military coups.<ref name=crassweller>Crassweller, Robert. ''Perón and the Enigmas of Argentina.'' W.W. Norton & Company, 1988.</ref>
[[Категория:Левоцентристские партии]]
[[Категория:Коалиции партий]]
Basing itself on the policies espoused by Perón as Argentine president, the party's platform has from its inception centered on [[populism]], and its most consistent base of support has historically been the [[General Confederation of Labor (Argentina)|General Confederation of Labor]], Argentina's largest trade union. Perón ordered the mass [[nationalization]] of [[public services]], strategic industries, and the critical farm export sector; enacted progressive labor laws and social reforms; and accelerated public works investment.<ref name=crassweller/>
 
His tenure also favored [[technical school]]s, harassed university staff, and promoted urbanization as it raised taxes on the [[agriculture in Argentina|agrarian sector]]. Those trends earned Peronism the loyalty of much of the working and lower classes but helped alienate the upper and middle classes of society. Censorship and repression intensified, and following his loss of support from the influential [[church-state relations in Argentina|Argentine Catholic Church]], Perón was ultimately deposed in [[Revolución Libertadora|a violent 1955 coup]].<ref name=crassweller/>
 
The alignment of groups as supporting or opposing Peronism has largely endured, but the policies of Peronism itself varied greatly over the subsequent decades, as did increasingly those put forth by its many competing figures. During Perón's exile, it became a [[big tent]] party united almost solely by its support for the aging leader's return. A series of violent incidents, as well as Perón's negotiations with both the military regime and diverse political factions, helped lead to his return to Argentina in 1973 and to his [[September 1973 Argentine general election|election in September that year]].<ref name="Poneman, Daniel 1987">Poneman, Daniel. ''Argentina: Democracy on Trial''. Paragon House, 1987.</ref>
 
An impasse followed in which the party had a place both for leftist armed organizations such as ''[[Montoneros]]'', and far-right factions such as [[José López Rega]]'s [[Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance]]. Following Perón's death in 1974, however, the tenuous understanding disintegrated, and a wave of [[political violence]] ensued, ultimately resulting in the [[March 1976 coup]]. The [[Dirty War]] of the late 1970s, which cost hundreds of Peronists (among thousands more) their lives, solidified the party's populist outlook, particularly following the failure of conservative Economy Minister [[José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz]]'s [[free trade]] and [[Big Bang (financial markets)|deregulatory]] policies after 1980.<ref name="Poneman, Daniel 1987"/>
 
In the first democratic elections after the end of the dictatorship of the [[National Reorganization Process]], in 1983, the Justicialist Party lost to the [[Radical Civic Union]] (UCR). Six years later, it returned to power with [[Carlos Menem]], during whose term [[1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution|the Constitution was reformed]] to allow for presidential reelection. Menem (1989–1999) adopted [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]] right-wing policies which changed the overall image of the party.<ref name="Argentina's new president sworn in">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1738175.stm|title=Argentina's new president sworn in|date=13 October 2017|access-date=13 October 2017|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
 
The Justicialist Party was defeated by a coalition formed by the UCR and the centre-left [[Front for a Country in Solidarity|FrePaSo]] (itself a left-wing offshoot of the PJ) in 1999, but regained political weight in the [[Elections in Argentina, 2001|2001 legislative elections]], and was ultimately left in charge of managing the selection of an interim president after the economic [[Argentine economic crisis (1999-2002)|collapse of December 2001]]. Justicialist [[Eduardo Duhalde]], chosen by Congress, ruled during 2002 and part of 2003.<ref name="Argentina's new president sworn in"/>
 
The [[2003 Argentine general election|2003 elections]] saw the constituency of the party split in three, as Carlos Menem, [[Néstor Kirchner]] (backed by Duhalde) and [[Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]] ran for the presidency leading different party coalitions. After Kirchner's victory, the party started to align behind his leadership, moving slightly to the left.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2937282.stm|title=Argentina hopes for new beginning|date=26 May 2003|access-date=13 October 2017|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/world/la/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6802448|title=The return of populism|date=12 April 2006|access-date=13 October 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref>
 
The Justicialist Party effectively broke apart in the [[2005 Argentine legislative election|2005 legislative elections]] when two factions ran for a Senate seat in [[Buenos Aires Province]]: [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] (then the [[first lady|First Lady]]) and [[Hilda González de Duhalde]] (wife of former president Duhalde). The campaign was particularly vicious. Kirchner's side allied with other minor forces and presented itself as a heterodox, left-leaning [[Front for Victory]] (FpV), while Duhalde's side stuck to older Peronist tradition. González de Duhalde's defeat to her opponent marked, according to many political analysts, the end to Duhalde's dominance over the province, and was followed by a steady defection of his supporters to the winner's side.
 
Néstor Kirchner proposed the entry of the party into the [[Socialist International]] in February 2008. His dominance of the party was undermined, however, by the [[2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector]], when a bill raising export taxes was introduced with presidential support. Subsequent growers' lockouts helped result in the defection of numerous Peronists from the FpV caucus, and further losses during the [[2009 Argentine legislative election|2009 mid-term elections]] resulted in the loss of the FpV absolute majorities in both houses of Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2009/06/30/elpais/p-01949361.htm|title=Tras la derrota, Kirchner renunció a la jefatura del PJ y dejó a Scioli|last=Clarin.com|website=Clarin.com|date=30 June 2009|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref>
 
In 2015, the PJ, with its presidential candidate Daniel Scioli, was defeated by the Cambiemos coalition. [[Mauricio Macri]] was inaugurated as President of Argentina, ending 12 years of Kirchnerism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-10|title=Argentina – A Defeat for Populism|url=https://www.prsgroup.com/argentina-defeat-populism/|access-date=2021-09-22|website=PRS Group|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Argentina's Cambiemos: A party from the elite, by the elite, for the elite?|url=https://nacla.org/news/2015/11/05/argentina%E2%80%99s-cambiemos-party-elite-elite-elite|access-date=2021-09-22|website=NACLA|language=en}}</ref>
 
However, in the elections of 2019, the PJ joined the [[Frente de Todos (2019 coalition)|Frente de Todos]], which won the presidential elections. The PJ returned to power, with [[Alberto Fernández]] as President of the nation. On [[Inauguration of Alberto Fernández|10 December 2019]], the Centre-left [[Alberto Fernández]] of the Justicialist Party was inaugurated president, after defeating the incumbent Mauricio Macri in the [[2019 Argentine general election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goñi|first=Uki|date=2019-10-28|title=Argentina election: Macri out as Cristina Fernández de Kirchner returns to office as VP|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/28/argentina-election-macri-out-as-cristina-fernandez-de-kirchner-returns-to-office-as-vp|access-date=2020-05-02|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
 
=== Beginning ===
The Justicialist party was created in November 1946, 10 months after [[Juan Perón|Juan D. Perón]] was elected president of the nation, with the name Single Revolutionary party; previously this would be called the Peronist party. The party was a result of the fusion of three parties that had been created in 1945 in order to sustain the presidential candidacy of Perón: the [[Labour Party (Argentina)|Labor party]], the [[:es:Unión Cívica Radical Junta Renovadora|Radical Renovating Together Civic Union]], and the [[:es:Partido Independiente (Argentina)|Independent party.]]
 
=== Peronism ===
{{Main|Peronism}}
 
Peronism is a political current that was established between November 1943 and October 1945, as a result of an alliance between a large number of unions, principally of [[Socialist Party (Argentina)|socialist]] and [[:es:Sindicalismo revolucionario|revolutionary union]] ideology, and two soldiers – [[Juan Perón|Juan Domingo Perón]] and [[Domingo Mercante]], whose initial objective was to run the National Labor Department – later elevated to the level of Secretary of Labor and Social Security – and to drive until there were laws and measures for the worker’s benefit. The Secretary was run by Perón, who in the course of those years was converted into the leader of a new political movement that would take the name Peronism in the course of 1945.
 
In those years the country was governed since 1943 by a military dictatorship self-designated as the [[1943 Argentine coup d'état|Revolution of ‘43]], made of a very heterogeneous composition, that had overthrown at its time a fraudulent regime, known as the [[Infamous Decade]]. At the start of 1945, the US ambassador to Argentina, [[Spruille Braden]], organized a broad movement that was defined as [[:es:Antiperonismo|anti-peronist]], with the goal of opposing Perón and the sanctioned labor laws. Largely as a reaction to the union movement, principally the socialist and revolutionary union majority started to define themselves as peronists.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Matsushita |first=Hiroshi |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15206718 |title=Movimiento obrero argentino, 1930–1945 : sus proyecciones en los orígenes del peronismo |date=1986 |publisher=Hyspamerica |isbn=950-614-427-3 |location=Buenos Aires |oclc=15206718}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Luna |first=Félix |title=El 45 |publisher=Hyspamérica |year=1984 |location=Buenos Aires |pages=219}}</ref>
 
On October 8, 1945, at the loss of the vote from the officials of [[Campo de Mayo]], Perón renounced, being later detained. Nine days later, a big worker mobilization known as [[Loyalty Day (Argentina)|Loyalty Day]], compelled the military government to prepare Perón’s liberation and call elections. That day is the most cited as the date of peronism’s birth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Plotkin |first=Mariano Ben |title=El día que se inventó el peronismo |publisher=Sudamericana |year=2012}}</ref>
 
=== Party Organization until 1955 ===
Many union leaders opposed him, but their political inexperience and Perón’s charisma before the masses made them unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Torre |first=Juan Carlos |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22454334 |title=La vieja guardia sindical y Perón : sobre los orígenes del peronismo |date=1990 |publisher=Editorial Sudamericana |isbn=950-07-0602-4 |location=Buenos Aires |oclc=22454334}}</ref> Lewinsky characterizes the Peronist party (PP) as a popular party that will differ from other European, union based parties in four aspects.
 
The first of them is that they had been created from above by agents of the State, destined to retain power more than to obtain it; operated in major part by their own government using State resources whereas PP never developed their own organization. The second is that they were an extremely personalist party that in the statutes of 1954 declared Perón is their “Supreme Leader” and gave him the authority to “modify or declare null and void the decision of the party authorities… to inspect, intervene, and replace” the leaders of the party and even prohibited party headquarters from displaying photographs that were not Perón or Eva Perón. The national party management intervened in permanent form in the provincial subsidiaries and used to choose the local candidates. Usually the leaders with independent support were displaced and replaced by those “loyal to the death” that followed Perón’s directives exclusively. In this form, the political career inside the party depended exclusively on the bonds with Perón; there was not a structure for political promotion nor a stable bureaucratic hierarchy. For example, the reorganization of the party in 1947 signified the replacement of the entirety of the highest party leadership members.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Levitsky |first=Steven |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66904266 |title=La transformación del justicialismo : del partido sindical al partido clientelista, 1983–1999 |date=2005 |publisher=Siglo XXI |others=Leandro Wolfson |isbn=987-1013-38-8 |edition=1a. |location=Buenos Aires |oclc=66904266}}</ref>
 
Third, the party had a fluid structure that was maintained until the final days of the decade of 1940. In 1951, Perón once again reorganized the party structure creating a parallel hierarchy with a “strategic national command” and provincial “tactical commands” that would have representatives of the three party branches – masculine, feminine, and union – but in practice Perón and Eva Perón exercised strategic leadership, and the governors and “inventors” arrived ahead of the tactics. Lastly, differently from the English Labor party, the PP did not initially have rules about their relation with the unions. In the decade of 1950, the union was recognized as one of the three branches and, as such, was attributed to them by tradition – without a written norm – a right to a third of the candidacies, but until 1955 it was not complied with rigor.<ref name=":0" />
 
==Ideology==
From its foundation, the Justicialist Party has been a [[Peronism|Peronist]] [[catch-all party]],<ref name=catch>{{cite web|url=http://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/opinion/editorial/10/29/the-death-of-nestor-kirchner/|title=The death of Néstor Kirchner|date=29 October 2010|website=Stabroeknews.com|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> which focuses on the figure of [[Juan Perón]] and his wife, [[Eva Perón|Eva]], with [[economic populism|economic populist]] ideals.
 
From the return of Perón in 1973 and under the leadership of [[Isabel Perón]], the Justicialist Party was no longer characterized by [[anti-imperialist]] and revolutionary tones but by a strong focus on [[anticommunism]] (of which it became the main bulwark in South America) and the support of [[economic liberalism]].
 
That line continued even after the [[military dictatorship]] of the [[National Reorganization Process]], with the government of [[Carlos Menem]] until that of [[Eduardo Duhalde]]. The party moved from being a [[Third Position|Tercera Posición ("Third Position")]] to a [[centre-right]] party, while rival [[Radical Civic Union]] acted as a [[centre-left]] party.
 
Since 2003, the party has undergone an abrupt [[revolution]], with the rise of a faction known as the [[Front for Victory]], led by [[Néstor Kirchner]]. The policies and ideology of that faction were dubbed [[Kirchnerism]], a mix of [[socialism]], [[left-wing nationalism]] and [[Radicalism (historical)|radicalism]]. Kirchner was elected [[President of Argentina]] and soon became a popular left-wing figure. The party shifted to being left-wing populist, while the Radical Civic Union joined with other anti-Kirchnerist centrist and center-right parties including [[Republican Proposal]]. After his death in 2010, his wife, [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], took over the leadership of the Front for Victory, which continues to be a major faction of the Justicialist Party.
 
==Leaders==
The party is headed by a National Committee, whose president is the ''de facto'' leader of the party.
* 1946–1974: [[Juan Perón]] (President: 1946–1955, 1973–1974)
* 1974–1985: [[Isabel Perón]] (President: 1974–1976)
* 1985–1990: [[Antonio Cafiero]]
* 1990–2001: [[Carlos Menem]] (President: 1989–1999)
* 2001: [[Rubén Marín]] (interim)
* 2001–2003: [[Carlos Menem]]
* 2003–2004: [[Eduardo Fellner]]
* 2004–2005: (No leader)
* 2005–2008: Ramón Ruiz
* 2008–2009: [[Néstor Kirchner]] (President: 2003–2007)
* 2009: [[Daniel Scioli]] (interim)
* 2009–2010: [[Néstor Kirchner]]
* 2010–2014: [[Daniel Scioli]] (interim)
* 2016–2018: [[José Luis Gioja]]
* 2018: [[Luis Barrionuevo]] (judicial controller)
* 2018–2021: [[José Luis Gioja]]
* 2021–present: '''[[Alberto Fernández]]''' (President: 2019–present)
 
==Electoral history==
===Presidential elections===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2"| Election year
! rowspan="2"| Candidate(s)
! colspan="2"| First Round
! colspan="2"| Second Round
! rowspan="2"| Result
! rowspan="2"| Note
|-
! # votes
! % vote
! # votes
! % vote
|-
! [[1951 Argentine general election|1951]]
| '''[[Juan Perón]]'''
| 4,745,168
| 63.40
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| as the [[Peronist Party]]
|-
! [[1958 Argentine general election|1958]]
| ''no candidate'' (banished)
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{steady}} —
|
|-
! [[1963 Argentine general election|1963]]
| ''no candidate'' (banished)
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{steady}} —
|
|-
! [[March 1973 Argentine general election|M-1973]]
| '''[[Héctor Cámpora]]'''
| 5,907,464
| 49.56
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| as the Justicialist Party part of the [[Justicialist Liberation Front]]
|-
! [[September 1973 Argentine general election|S-1973]]
| '''[[Juan Perón]]'''
| 7,359,252
| 61.85
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| part of the [[Justicialist Liberation Front]]
|-
! [[1983 Argentine general election|1983]]
| [[Ítalo Lúder]]
| 5,944,402
| 40.16
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{N}} Defeated
| 247 Electoral College seats
|-
! [[1989 Argentine general election|1989]]
| '''[[Carlos Menem]]'''
| 7,953,301
| 47.49
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| 325 Electoral College seats, part of the Popular Justicialist Front
|-
! [[1995 Argentine general election|1995]]
| '''[[Carlos Menem]]'''
| 8,687,319
| 49.94
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| Joint-ticket (PJ—[[Union of the Democratic Centre (Argentina)|UCeDé]])
|-
! [[1999 Argentine general election|1999]]
| [[Eduardo Duhalde]]
| 7,254,417
| 38.27
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{N}} Defeated
| part of the Justicialist Coalition for Change
|-
! rowspan="3"| [[2003 Argentine general election|2003]]
| [[Carlos Menem]]
| 4,740,907
| 24.45
| ''null''
| 0
| {{N}} 2nd-R Forfeited
| Front for Loyalty, a faction of PJ
|-
| '''[[Néstor Kirchner]]'''
| 4,312,517
| 22.24
| ''null''
| 0
| {{Y}} '''2nd-R Unopposed'''
| [[Front for Victory]], a faction of PJ
|-
| [[Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]]
| 2,735,829
| 14.11
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{N}} 1st-R Defeated
| Front of the Popular Movement, a faction of PJ
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[2007 Argentine general election|2007]]
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]]'''
| 8,651,066
| 45.29
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| part of the [[Front for Victory|Front for Victory Alliance]]
|-
| [[Alberto Rodríguez Saá]]
| 1,458,955
| 7.64
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{N}} Defeated
| part of the [[Federal Peronism|Justice, Union and Liberty Front Alliance]]
|-
! [[2011 Argentine general election|2011]]
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]]'''
| 11,865,055
| 54.11
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| [[Front for Victory]], a faction of PJ
|-
! [[2015 Argentine general election|2015]]
| [[Daniel Scioli]]
| 9,338,449
| 37.08
| 12,198,441
| 48.60
| {{N}} 2nd-R Defeated
| part of the [[Front for Victory|Front for Victory Alliance]]
|-
! [[2019 Argentine general election|2019]]
| '''[[Alberto Fernández]]'''
| 12,473,709
| 48.10
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
| {{Y}} '''Elected'''
| part of the [[Frente de Todos (2019 coalition)|Everyone's Front Alliance]]
|-
|}
 
===Congressional elections===
====Chamber of Deputies====
{| class="wikitable"
! Election year
! votes
! %
! seats won
! Total seats
! Position
! Presidency
! Note
|-
! [[1948 Argentine legislative election|1948]]
|
| 64.1
|
| {{Composition bar|109|158|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Juan Perón]] (PP)'''
| as the [[Peronist Party]]
|-
! [[1951 Argentine general election|1951]]
|
| 63.5
|
| {{Composition bar|135|149|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Juan Perón]] (PP)'''
| as the [[Peronist Party]]
|-
! [[1954 Argentine legislative election|1954]]
| 4,977,586
| 62.96
|
| {{Composition bar|161|173|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Juan Perón]] (PJ)'''
| as the [[Peronist Party]]
|-
! [[1958 Argentine general election|1958]]
| ''null''
| 0
| 0
| {{Composition bar|0|187|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| ''Banned''
| [[Pedro Eugenio Aramburu]] ''(de facto)''
|
|-
! [[1960 Argentine legislative election|1960]]
| ''null''
| 0
| 0
| {{Composition bar|0|192|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| ''Banned''
| [[Arturo Frondizi]] (UCRI)
|
|-
! [[1962 Argentine legislative election|1962]]
| 1,592,446
| 17.53
|
| {{Composition bar|23|192|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Arturo Frondizi]] (UCRI)
| as [[Unión Popular]]
|-
! [[1963 Argentine general election|1963]]
|
|
|
| {{Composition bar|16|192|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[José María Guido]] (UCRI)
| as [[Unión Popular]] and other pro-Justicialist
|-
! [[1965 Argentine legislative election|1965]]
| 2,833,528<br />{{small|(UP only)}}
| 29.6<br />{{small|(UP only)}}
|
| {{Composition bar|52|192|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}<br />{{small|(UP only)}}
| Minority
| [[Arturo Umberto Illia]] (UCRP)
| as [[Unión Popular]] and other pro-Justicialist
|-
! [[March 1973 Argentine general election|1973]]
| 5,908,414
| 48.7
|
| {{Composition bar|144|243|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| [[Alejandro Agustín Lanusse]] ''(de facto)''
| as Justicialist Party part of the [[Justicialist Liberation Front]]
|-
! [[1983 Argentine general election|1983]]
| 5,697,610
| 38.5
| {{Composition bar|56|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|111|254|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Reynaldo Bignone]] ''(de facto)''
|
|-
! [[1985 Argentine legislative election|1985]]
| 5,259,331
| 34.3
| {{Composition bar|55|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|101|254|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Raúl Alfonsín]] (UCR)
|
|-
! [[1987 Argentine legislative election|1987]]
| 6,649,362
| 41.5
| {{Composition bar|60|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|108|254|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Raúl Alfonsín]] (UCR)
|
|-
! [[1989 Argentine general election|1989]]
| 7,324,033
| 42.9
| {{Composition bar|65|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|126|254|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Raúl Alfonsín]] (UCR)
| part of the Popular Justicialist Front
|-
! [[1991 Argentine legislative election|1991]]
| 6,288,222
| 40.2
| {{Composition bar|62|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|116|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Carlos Menem]] (PJ)'''
|
|-
! [[1993 Argentine legislative election|1993]]
| 6,946,586
| 42.5
| {{Composition bar|64|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|127|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Carlos Menem]] (PJ)'''
|
|-
! [[1995 Argentine general election|1995]]
| 7,294,828
| 43.0
| {{Composition bar|68|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|131|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Carlos Menem]] (PJ)'''
|
|-
! [[1997 Argentine legislative election|1997]]
| 6,267,973
| 36.3
| {{Composition bar|50|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|118|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Carlos Menem]] (PJ)'''
|
|-
! [[1999 Argentine general election|1999]]
| 5,986,674
| 32.3
| {{Composition bar|51|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|101|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Carlos Menem]] (PJ)'''
|
|-
! [[2001 Argentine legislative election|2001]]
| 5,267,136
| 37.5
| {{Composition bar|67|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|121|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Fernando de la Rúa]] (UCR—Alianza)
|
|-
! [[2003 Argentine general election|2003]]
| 5,511,420
| 35.1
| {{Composition bar|62|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|129|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Eduardo Duhalde]] (PJ)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2005 Argentine legislative election|2005]]
| 6,883,925
| 40.5
| {{Composition bar|80|128|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|140|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Néstor Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2007 Argentine general election|2007]]
| 5,557,087
| 45.6
| {{Composition bar|82|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|162|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Néstor Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2009 Argentine legislative election|2009]]
| 5,941,184
| 30.3
| {{Composition bar|44|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|110|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2011 Argentine general election|2011]]
| 12,073,675
| 58.6
| {{Composition bar|86|130|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|130|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2013 Argentine legislative election|2013]]
| 12,702,809
| 55.4
| {{Composition bar|47|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|133|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2015 Argentine general election|2015]]
| 8,797,279
| 37.4
| {{Composition bar|59|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|95|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2017 Argentine legislative election|2017]]
| 9,518,813
| 39.0
| {{Composition bar|58|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|110|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Mauricio Macri]] (PRO-Cambiemos)
| as part of the [[Citizen's Unity]]
|-
! [[2019 Argentine general election|2019]]
| 11,359,508
| 45.5
| {{Composition bar|64|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|122|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Mauricio Macri]] (PRO-Cambiemos)
| as part of the PDT
|-
! [[2021 Argentine legislative election|2021]]
| 7,801,865
| 33.57
| {{Composition bar|50|127|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|118|257|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Alberto Fernández]] (PJ-FDT)'''
| as part of the PDT
|}
 
====Senate elections====
{| class="wikitable"
! Election year
! votes
! %
! seats won
! Total seats
! Position
! Presidency
! Note
|-
! [[2001 Argentine legislative election|2001]]
| 5,668,523
| 39.0
| {{Composition bar|40|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|40|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| [[Fernando de la Rúa]] (UCR-Alianza)
|
|-
! [[2003 Argentine general election|2003]]
| 1,852,456
| 40.7
| {{Composition bar|18|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|41|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Eduardo Duhalde]] (PJ)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2005 Argentine legislative election|2005]]
| 3,572,361
| 45.1
| {{Composition bar|18|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|45|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Néstor Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2007 Argentine general election|2007]]
| 1,048,187
| 45.6
| {{Composition bar|14|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|48|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Néstor Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2009 Argentine legislative election|2009]]
| 756,695
| 30.3
| {{Composition bar|8|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|34|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2011 Argentine general election|2011]]
| 5,470,241
| 54.6
| {{Composition bar|12|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|43|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2013 Argentine legislative election|2013]]
| 1,608,846
| 32.1
| {{Composition bar|14|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|40|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2015 Argentine general election|2015]]
| 2,336,037
| 32.7
| {{Composition bar|11|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|39|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| '''[[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]] (PJ-FPV)'''
| as part of the FPV
|-
! [[2017 Argentine legislative election|2017]]
| 3,785,518
| 32.7
| {{Composition bar|9|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|36|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| [[Mauricio Macri]] (PRO—[[Cambiemos]])
| as part of the Citizens' Unity
|-
! [[2019 Argentine general election|2019]]
| 2,609,017
| 46.30
| {{Composition bar|13|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|39|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| '''Majority'''
| [[Mauricio Macri]] (PRO—[[Cambiemos]])
| as part of the FDT
|-
! [[2021 Argentine legislative election|2021]]
| 1,916,759
| 27.54
| {{Composition bar|9|24|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|35|72|hex={{party color|Justicialist Party}}}}
| Minority
| '''[[Alberto Fernández]]''' (PJ—FDT)
| as part of the FDT
|}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
 
{{Argentine political parties}}
{{Peronism}}
{{Front for Victory}}
{{coord|34|36|40.5|S|58|24|0.5|W|display=title}}
 
[[Category:Justicialist Party| ]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in Argentina]]
[[Category:Center-left parties in Argentina]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Argentina]]
[[Category:Christian democratic parties in Argentina]]
[[Category:Kirchnerism]]
[[Category:Left-wing nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Peronist parties and alliances in Argentina]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1946]]
[[Category:Political parties in Argentina]]
[[Category:Syncretic political movements]]
[[Category:Third Position]]
[[Category:Centre-right parties]]
[[Category:Formerly banned political parties]]

Текущая версия от 14:52, 28 февраля 2023

Не путать|Гражданская коалиция (Польша)|Гражданской коалицией (Польша) Шаблон:Партия Гражданская коалиция (на испанском Coalición Cívica) — левоцентристская политическая коалиция в Аргентине. Она была основана Элисой Каррио вокруг одноимённой партии Гражданская коалиция — ARI (Поддержка за эгалитарную республику). Является частью политической группы либералов, в которую входят движения: Союз ради всего (UPT) руководимый Патрисией Буллрих и GEN Generation for a National Encounter руководимый Маргаритой Столбизер.

Каррио участвовала в президентских выборах 2007 от партии Гражданская коалиция, вместе с кандидатом от Социалистической партии сенатором от провинции Санта-Фе, Рубеном Джустиниани. Коалиция проиграла выборы, несмотря на поддержку в больших городах Аргентины.

Ведущие фигуры коалиции, вклющающие Каррио, Булрих и Столблизер, Альфонсо Прата Гэя (бывший глава Центрального банка), сенаторов Марию Эухению Эстенссоро и Самуила Кабанчика. На всеобщих выборах 2007 года к новой расширенной коалиции Каррио отказались присоединиться некоторые лидеры мелких партий, которые сформировали отдельный политический блок под названием Autonomous ARI. В мае 2008 года этот блок во главе с Эдуардо Макалузе объявил о формировании новой партии — Партии солидарности и равенства (Solidaridad e Igualdad — SI). Среди тех, кто покинул партию Гражданская коалиция, были Карлос Раймунди, Леонардо Горбац, Делия Бизутти, Нелида Белоус, Вероника Венас, Эмилио Гарсиа Мендес, Лидия Наим и Мария Гонсалес<ref>El ARI Autónomo mutó a Solidaridad e Igualdad SI Шаблон:Wayback, parlamentario.com, 18 May 2008.</ref> Сенатор Мария Роза Диас также появилась на презентации Партии солидарности и равенства<ref>Dígale SI al nuevo partido opositor Шаблон:Wayback, Página/12, 18 May 2008.</ref>. Несколько депутатов из числа создавших новую партию победили на выборах 2007 года от партии Гражданская коалиция, после чего заняли политическую позицию против Гражданской коалиции<ref>Two opposition Senators side with the Government on eve of crucial vote to anticipate mid-term elections Шаблон:Webarchive, Telam news agency, 25 March 2009.</ref><ref>Senate votes today on early election Шаблон:Webarchive, Buenos Aires Herald, 26 March 2009.</ref>. Депутаты от партии Гражданская коалиция получили места рядом с членами Партии солидарности и равенства в Палате депутатов. Впоследствии сенаторы Мария Роза Диас и Хосе Карлос Мартинес возглавили левую партию ОРВИ в марте 2009 года. С 2009 года Коалиция стала называться как так называемая Гражданская коалиция ОРЗ (CC-ОРЗ) и поддерживает партию Гражданский радикальный союз.

Источник — https://wikibiography.ru/index.php?title=Гражданская_коалиция&oldid=36